Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI) to EUR Hedged: Historical Returns

Simulation Settings

Category: Stocks

Period: January 1950 - May 2025 (~75 years)
Consolidated Returns as of 31 May 2025

Initial Amount: 1€

Currency: EUR

VTI is not denominated in EUR. Returns are simulated using exchange rates or interest rate differentials in case of currency hedging.

Inflation: Eurozone

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Results

30 Years
(1995/06 - 2025/05)

All Data
(1950/01 - 2025/05)

Inflation Adjusted:

Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI)

1.00€
Invested Capital
June 1995
15.30€
Final Capital
May 2025
9.52%
Yearly Return
15.62%
Std Deviation
-49.95%
Max Drawdown
42months
Recovery Period

1.00€
Invested Capital
June 1995
8.34€
Final Capital
May 2025
7.32%
Yearly Return
15.62%
Std Deviation
-50.99%
Max Drawdown
154months
Recovery Period

1.00€
Invested Capital
January 1950
2.61 K€
Final Capital
May 2025
11.00%
Yearly Return
14.86%
Std Deviation
-49.95%
Max Drawdown
42months
Recovery Period

1.00€
Invested Capital
January 1950
364.33€
Final Capital
May 2025
8.13%
Yearly Return
14.86%
Std Deviation
-52.85%
Max Drawdown
95months
Recovery Period

This portfolio is built with ETFs not denominated in EUR. Returns are calculated using exchange rates or, if applicable, interest rate differentials for currency hedging.

The Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI) to EUR Hedged ETF covers to the following investment themes:

Asset Class: Equity
Size: Large Cap
Style: Blend
Region: North America
Country: U.S.

As of May 2025, in the previous 30 Years, the Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI) to EUR Hedged ETF obtained a 9.52% compound annual return, with a 15.62% standard deviation. It suffered a maximum drawdown of -49.95% that required 42 months to be recovered.

Disclaimer: The simulations on this website are provided in good faith but should NOT be taken as investment advice. We are not liable for any errors or actions based on this information. The authors of the website are not affiliated with the ETFs/Assets issuers. Content is for informational, educational, illustrative and entertainment purposes only.

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The Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI) ETF is part of the following Lazy Portfolios:

Portfolio Name	Author	VTI Weight▾	Currency
In Saecula Saeculorum To EUR	Fulvio Marchese	45.00%	EUR
In Saecula Saeculorum To EUR Hedged	Fulvio Marchese	45.00%	EUR Hedged
In Saecula Saeculorum To EUR Bond Hedged	Fulvio Marchese	45.00%	EUR

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Investment Returns as of May 31, 2025

Returns are calculated in EUR, assuming:

no fees or capital gain taxes.
dividend reinvestment, when applicable.
for non-EUR assets, the currency hedging cost, taking into account the interest rate differentials, with a yearly additional expense ratio of 0.25%.
the actual Eurozone Inflation rates.

VANGUARD TOTAL STOCK MARKET (VTI) TO EUR HEDGED ETF

Capital Growth

30 Years
(1995/06 - 2025/05)

All Data
(1950/01 - 2025/05)

Inflation Adjusted:

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		Initial Amount €	Final Amount €	Total Return (%)	Annualized (%)
	Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI)	1 €	15.30 €	1 429.52%	9.52%
		Jun 1995	May 2025

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		Initial Amount €	Final Amount €	Total Return (%)	Annualized (%)
	Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI)	1 €	8.34 €	733.50%	7.32%
		Jun 1995	May 2025

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		Initial Amount €	Final Amount €	Total Return (%)	Annualized (%)
	Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI)	1 €	2 613.49 €	261 248.57%	11.00%
		Jan 1950	May 2025

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		Initial Amount €	Final Amount €	Total Return (%)	Annualized (%)
	Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI)	1 €	364.33 €	36 333.29%	8.13%
		Jan 1950	May 2025

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	Chg (%)		Return (%)	Return (%) as of May 31, 2025
	1 Day	Time ET^(*)	---	YTD (5M)	1M	6M	1Y	5Y	10Y	30Y	MAX (~75Y)
Investment Return	---		---	-0.48	6.05	-3.63	10.84	13.83	10.62	9.52	11.00
Eurozone Inflation Adjusted Return				-1.75	6.10	-5.19	8.77	9.36	7.93	7.32	8.13
Returns over 1 year are annualized
(*) Eastern Time (ET - America/New York)
The live monthly return is calculated by assuming, for each asset, the weight defined by the base asset allocation.
Eurozone Inflation is updated to May 2025. Inflation (annualized) is 1Y: 1.90% , 5Y: 4.09% , 10Y: 2.49% , 30Y: 2.04%

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Investment Metrics as of May 31, 2025

Metrics are calculated based on monthly returns, assuming:

no fees or capital gain taxes.
dividend reinvestment, when applicable.
for non-EUR assets, the currency hedging cost, taking into account the interest rate differentials, with a yearly additional expense ratio of 0.25%.
the actual Eurozone Inflation rates.

VANGUARD TOTAL STOCK MARKET (VTI) TO EUR HEDGED ETF

Advanced Metrics

1 January 1950 - 31 May 2025 (~75 years)

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	Metrics as of May 31, 2025
	YTD (5M)	1M	3M	6M	1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX (~75Y)
Investment Return (%)	-0.48	6.05	-1.25	-3.63	10.84	11.83	13.83	10.62	9.53	9.52	11.00
Growth of 1€	1.00	1.06	0.99	0.96	1.11	1.40	1.91	2.74	6.17	15.30	2.6K
Infl. Adjusted Return (%)	-1.75	6.10	-2.36	-5.19	8.77	8.04	9.36	7.93	7.27	7.32	8.13
Eurozone Inflation (%)	1.29	-0.05	1.14	1.65	1.90	3.51	4.09	2.49	2.10	2.04	2.65
Returns / Inflation rates over 1 year are annualized.
DRAWDOWN Inflation Adjusted: Inflation Adjusted:				Current	1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX
Deepest Drawdown Depth (%)				-3.63	-9.13	-12.94	-25.59	-25.59	-49.95	-49.95	-49.95
Start to Recovery (# months)				6*	6*	12	26	26	42	42	42
Start (yyyy mm)					2024 12	2022 06	2022 01	2022 01	2007 11	2007 11	2007 11
Start to Bottom (# months)					5	4	9	9	16	16	16
Bottom (yyyy mm)					2025 04	2022 09	2022 09	2022 09	2009 02	2009 02	2009 02
Bottom to End (# months)					1	8	17	17	26	26	26
End (yyyy mm)					-	2023 05	2024 02	2024 02	2011 04	2011 04	2011 04
Longest Drawdown Depth (%)					same	same	same	same	same	-43.94	-43.94
Start to Recovery (# months)					same	same	same	same	same	73	73
Start (yyyy mm)					2024 12	2022 06	2022 01	2022 01	2007 11	2000 04	2000 04
Start to Bottom (# months)					5	4	9	9	16	30	30
Bottom (yyyy mm)					2025 04	2022 09	2022 09	2022 09	2009 02	2002 09	2002 09
Bottom to End (# months)					1	8	17	17	26	43	43
End (yyyy mm)					-	2023 05	2024 02	2024 02	2011 04	2006 04	2006 04
Longest negative period (# months)					9	11	30	30	66	140	140
Start (yyyy mm)					2024 08	2022 06	2021 05	2017 10	2006 04	1997 07	1997 07
End (yyyy mm)					2025 04	2023 04	2023 10	2020 03	2011 09	2009 02	2009 02
Annualized Return (%)					-0.33	-0.17	-1.71	-0.46	-0.09	-0.06	-0.06
Drawdowns / Negative periods marked with * are in progress
Adjusting for units held makes the drawdown reflect real performance, just like in the no-cash-flow case.
Deepest Drawdown Depth (%)				-5.19	-10.64	-15.27	-31.14	-31.14	-50.97	-50.99	-52.85
Start to Recovery (# months)				6*	6*	13	32	32	63	154	95
Start (yyyy mm)					2024 12	2022 06	2022 01	2022 01	2007 11	2000 04	1973 01
Start to Bottom (# months)					5	4	9	9	16	107	21
Bottom (yyyy mm)					2025 04	2022 09	2022 09	2022 09	2009 02	2009 02	1974 09
Bottom to End (# months)					1	9	23	23	47	47	74
End (yyyy mm)					-	2023 06	2024 08	2024 08	2013 01	2013 01	1980 11
Longest Drawdown Depth (%)					same	same	same	same	same	same	-50.99
Start to Recovery (# months)					same	same	same	same	same	same	154
Start (yyyy mm)					2024 12	2022 06	2022 01	2022 01	2007 11	2000 04	2000 04
Start to Bottom (# months)					5	4	9	9	16	107	107
Bottom (yyyy mm)					2025 04	2022 09	2022 09	2022 09	2009 02	2009 02	2009 02
Bottom to End (# months)					1	9	23	23	47	47	47
End (yyyy mm)					-	2023 06	2024 08	2024 08	2013 01	2013 01	2013 01
Longest negative period (# months)					10	17	44	44	76	154	210
Start (yyyy mm)					2024 07	2022 06	2021 09	2021 09	2005 06	2000 01	1965 02
End (yyyy mm)					2025 04	2023 10	2025 04	2025 04	2011 09	2012 10	1982 07
Annualized Return (%)					-0.25	-4.77	-0.45	-0.45	-0.39	0.00	-0.05
Drawdowns / Negative periods marked with * are in progress
Adjusting for units held makes the drawdown reflect real performance, just like in the no-cash-flow case.
RISK INDICATORS					1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX
Standard Deviation (%)					12.22	16.79	16.41	15.86	15.52	15.62	14.86
Sharpe Ratio					0.50	0.44	0.68	0.56	0.51	0.46	0.47
Sortino Ratio					0.68	0.60	0.93	0.74	0.68	0.61	0.63
Ulcer Index					3.74	4.35	9.33	7.53	11.75	14.12	11.67
Ratio: Return / Standard Deviation					0.89	0.70	0.84	0.67	0.61	0.61	0.74
Ratio: Return / Deepest Drawdown					1.19	0.91	0.54	0.42	0.19	0.19	0.22
Positive Months (%)					58.33	61.11	61.66	65.83	65.00	63.88	62.65
Positive Months					7	22	37	79	156	230	567
Negative Months					5	14	23	41	84	130	338
LONG TERM RETURNS Inflation Adjusted: Inflation Adjusted:					1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX
Best 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized								10.62	16.45	16.45	21.60
Worst 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized								10.62	6.48	-2.98	-2.98
Best 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized								7.93	15.01	15.01	19.37
Worst 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized								7.93	4.96	-4.98	-4.98
TIMEFRAMES Inflation Adjusted: Inflation Adjusted:		1M	3M	6M	1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX
··· As of May 2025 - Over the previous 30Y
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					62.09	27.45	24.51	16.45	9.94	9.52
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					-42.31	-16.19	-6.72	-2.98	4.55	9.52
Positive Periods (%)					77.3	82.4	85.0	92.9	100.0	100.0
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					59.96	24.96	22.41	15.01	8.07	7.32
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					-42.98	-18.13	-8.67	-4.98	2.85	7.32
Positive Periods (%)					75.9	79.6	76.0	89.6	100.0	100.0
95% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative		6.55	10.25	12.98	20.85	26.54	8.69	4.14	0.00
95% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%)		8.42	13.49	17.56	30.43	33.32	15.32	14.36	0.00
99% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative		9.62	15.57	20.51	37.17	38.45	20.81	22.80	0.00
99% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%)		11.58	18.96	25.29	39.96	40.46	26.12	26.07	0.00
Short term VaRs: analytical \| 1+ year VaRs: historical data
Safe Withdrawal Rate (%)					72.38	23.14	14.38	7.53	4.75	8.28
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%)					---	---	---	---	2.04	7.29
% based on initial capital, inflation-adj. monthly withdrawals afterwards \| Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com
··· All available data (Jan 1950 - May 2025)
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					62.09	33.89	28.30	21.60	15.84	12.58
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					-42.31	-16.19	-6.72	-2.98	4.55	8.17
Positive Periods (%)					78.4	89.4	92.7	97.8	100.0	100.0
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					59.96	31.44	26.60	19.37	12.90	9.11
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					-46.00	-18.42	-10.06	-4.98	1.54	4.49
Positive Periods (%)					74.9	84.8	82.3	88.2	100.0	100.0
95% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative		6.09	9.32	11.48	16.41	17.46	3.87	0.00	0.00	0.00
95% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%)		7.87	12.40	15.84	25.00	26.74	10.30	0.00	0.00	0.00
99% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative		9.01	14.38	18.64	32.37	32.37	14.30	10.14	0.00	0.00
99% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%)		10.87	17.60	23.20	37.61	37.02	21.13	18.02	0.00	0.00
Short term VaRs: analytical \| 1+ year VaRs: historical data
Safe Withdrawal Rate (%)					72.38	23.02	14.23	7.53	4.59	3.96
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%)					---	---	---	---	1.65	3.38
% based on initial capital, inflation-adj. monthly withdrawals afterwards \| Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com

Terms and Definitions

Annualized Portfolio Return: it's the annualized geometric mean return of the portfolio.
Deepest/Longest Drawdown: a drawdown refers to the decline in value from a relative peak value to a relative trough. The deepest (or maximum) drawdown is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained. The longest drawdown is the period observed from a peak to the subsequent peak with the greatest duration. When cashflows are involved, portfolio values are normalized by the invested capital (i.e. owned quotes) at each time step: this isolates the effect of market performance from capital contributions, avoiding misleading drawdowns caused by large inflows that artificially lift portfolio value and, as a result, the drawdowns match the ones without cash flows.
Longest negative period: it's the maximum period for which an overall negative return has been observed.
Standard Deviation: it's a measure of the dispersion of returns around the mean.
Sharpe Ratio: it's a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It's calculated by dividing the excess return of the portfolio over the risk-free rate by the portfolio standard deviation. The risk-free rate here considered is the 1-3 Mth T-Bill return.
Sortino Ratio: another measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It's a modification of the Sharpe Ratio (same formula but the denominator is the portfolio downside standard deviation).
Ulcer Index: it's a measure of downside risk that quantifies the depth and duration of drawdowns in an investment portfolio.
Best/Worst 10Y returns: the best and the worst 10-year return over a time frame.
Rolling Returns: N-year returns over a time frame, calculated over all the available data source (best, worst, % of positive returns). Each rolling period, longer than the longest negative period, yielded a non-negative minimum return.
Value at Risk (VaR): it's an evaluation of a cumulative worst-case loss (in absolute value), associated with a probability (95%-99%) and a time horizon. For short term, it's calculated based on the expected return and standard deviation, assuming a normal distribution of monthly returns. For long term is retrieved by the historical rolling return data.
Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR): it represents the average expected loss if that worst-case threshold (95%-99%) is ever crossed.
Safe Withdrawal Rate (SWR): it's the percentage of the initial portfolio balance that can be withdrawn at the beginning of each month with inflation adjustment, without the portfolio running out of money in any case (money amount withdrawal).
For instance: Your initial invested capital is 100.000$; withdrawal rate (annualized) is 4%. This means that, in the first month, you will withdraw 100.000 * 4% * 1/12 = 333.33$. The second month, you’ll withdraw 333.33$ plus the inflation monthly rate. You’ll continue adjusting your withdraw monthly for inflation.
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (PWR): it's the percentage of the initial portfolio balance that can be withdrawn at the beginning of each month with inflation adjustment, preserving the original invested capital, adjusted for inflation too.

Drawdowns

A drawdown refers to the decline in value from a relative peak value to a relative trough. A maximum drawdown is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained.

VANGUARD TOTAL STOCK MARKET (VTI) TO EUR HEDGED ETF

Drawdown periods

Drawdown periods - Inflation Adjusted

1 June 1995 - 31 May 2025 (30 Years)

1 January 1950 - 31 May 2025 (~75 years)

30 Years
(1995/06 - 2025/05)

All Data
(1950/01 - 2025/05)

Inflation Adjusted:

Chart Table Range

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Rolling Returns

For a detailed rolling return analysis, click here
Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI) to EUR Hedged ETF: Rolling Returns

A rolling return is a measure of investment performance that calculates the return of an investment over a set period of time, with the starting date rolling forward. This approach can provide a more accurate representation of the investment's historical performance and helps investors to evaluate the investment's consistency over time.

VANGUARD TOTAL STOCK MARKET (VTI) TO EUR HEDGED ETF

Annualized Rolling Returns

Annualized Rolling Returns - Inflation Adjusted

1 June 1995 - 31 May 2025 (30 Years)

1 January 1950 - 31 May 2025 (~75 years)

30 Years
(1995/06 - 2025/05)

All Data
(1950/01 - 2025/05)

Inflation Adjusted:

Return Chart Capital Chart Table

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The values shown for the rolling periods represent key statistical points: the minimum, maximum, median, and the 15th and 85th percentiles. These percentiles give insight into the distribution of the data, indicating the range within which the central 70% of the values lie, while the median represents the middle value.

Seasonality

In which months is it better to invest in Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI) to EUR Hedged ETF?

Both the Average Return and the Gain Frequency (Win %) are useful to get an idea of what happened in the past. They are retrieved considering the time period from January 1950 to May 2025.

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For further information about the seasonality, check the Asset Class Seasonality page.

Monthly Returns

This section provides a visual/tabular representation of the performance variability in the Vanguard Total Stock Market (VTI) to EUR Hedged ETF over time. It illustrates the distribution of monthly returns, showcasing the range and frequency of positive and negative returns.

VANGUARD TOTAL STOCK MARKET (VTI) TO EUR HEDGED ETF

Monthly Returns Distribution

1 June 1995 - 31 May 2025 (30 Years)

1 January 1950 - 31 May 2025 (~75 years)

230 Positive Months (64%) - 130 Negative Months (36%)

567 Positive Months (63%) - 338 Negative Months (37%)

30 Years
(1995/06 - 2025/05)

All Data
(1950/01 - 2025/05)

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Methodology

Returns, up to December 2001, have been derived using the historical series of equivalent ETFs / Assets.
You can find additional information on extended Data Sources here.

For non-EUR assets, hedged returns are calculated taking into account the interest rate differentials of the countries. It is assumed that hedged instruments have a yearly additional expense ratio of 0.25%.

Table of contents

Resources & Extras

Investment Returns as of May 31, 2025

Investment Metrics as of May 31, 2025

Drawdowns

Rolling Returns

Seasonality

Monthly Returns