United States Copper Index Fund (CPER): Historical Returns

Simulation Settings

Category: Commodities

Period: August 1988 - June 2026 (~38 years)
Consolidated Returns as of 30 June 2026

Initial Amount: 1$

Currency: USD

Inflation: US

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The United States Copper Index Fund (CPER) ETF covers to the following investment themes:

Asset Class: Commodity
Commodity: Copper

As of June 2026, in the previous 30 Years, the United States Copper Index Fund (CPER) ETF obtained a 6.01% compound annual return, with a 24.71% standard deviation. It suffered a maximum drawdown of -64.54% that required 32 months to be recovered.

Disclaimer: The simulations on this website are provided in good faith but should NOT be taken as investment advice. We are not liable for any errors or actions based on this information. The authors of the website are not affiliated with the ETFs/Assets issuers. Content is for informational, educational, illustrative and entertainment purposes only.

Investment Returns as of Jun 30, 2026

Returns are calculated in USD, assuming:

no fees or capital gain taxes.
dividend reinvestment, when applicable.
the actual US Inflation rates.

UNITED STATES COPPER INDEX FUND (CPER) ETF

Capital Growth

Inflation Adj:

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	Chg (%)		Return (%)	Return (%) as of Jun 30, 2026
	1 Day	Time ET^(*)	---	YTD (6M)	1M	6M	1Y	5Y	10Y	30Y	MAX (~38Y)
Investment Return	---		---	7.92	-2.91	7.92	19.25	7.54	10.04	6.01	4.76
US Inflation Adjusted Return				5.35	-2.91	5.35	14.79	3.11	6.47	3.36	1.94
Returns over 1 year are annualized
(*) Eastern Time (ET - America/New York)
The live monthly return is calculated by assuming, for each asset, the weight defined by the base asset allocation.
US Inflation is updated to May 2026. Pending updates, the monthly inflation is set at 0% for the subsequent periods. Inflation (annualized) is 1Y: 3.88% , 5Y: 4.30% , 10Y: 3.35% , 30Y: 2.56%

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Investment Metrics as of Jun 30, 2026

Metrics are calculated based on monthly returns, assuming:

no fees or capital gain taxes.
dividend reinvestment, when applicable.
the actual US Inflation rates.

UNITED STATES COPPER INDEX FUND (CPER) ETF

Advanced Metrics

1 August 1988 - 30 June 2026 (~38 years)

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	Metrics as of Jun 30, 2026
	YTD (6M)	1M	3M	6M	1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX (~38Y)
Investment Return (%)	7.92	-2.91	9.58	7.92	19.25	17.60	7.54	10.04	2.14	6.01	4.76
Growth of 1$	1.08	0.97	1.10	1.08	1.19	1.63	1.44	2.60	1.53	5.75	5.83
Infl. Adjusted Return (%)	5.35	-2.91	8.38	5.35	14.79	13.96	3.11	6.47	-0.41	3.36	1.94
US Inflation (%)	2.44	0.00	1.12	2.44	3.88	3.19	4.30	3.35	2.55	2.56	2.77
Pending updates, the monthly inflation of Jun 2026 and beyond is set at 0%. Returns / Inflation rates over 1 year are annualized.
DRAWDOWN Inflation Adjusted: Inflation Adjusted:				Current	1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX
Deepest Drawdown Depth (%)				-2.91	-13.24	-13.24	-29.12	-34.19	-64.54	-64.54	-64.54
Start to Recovery (# months)				1*	5	5	36	35	32	32	32
Start (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2025 07	2022 04	2018 01	2008 05	2008 05	2008 05
Start to Bottom (# months)					1	1	7	27	8	8	8
Bottom (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2025 07	2022 10	2020 03	2008 12	2008 12	2008 12
Bottom to End (# months)					4	4	29	8	24	24	24
End (yyyy mm)					2025 11	2025 11	2025 03	2020 11	2010 12	2010 12	2010 12
Longest Drawdown Depth (%)					same	-11.47	same	-29.46	-57.40	-57.40	-60.00
Start to Recovery (# months)					same	10	same	46	177	177	199
Start (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2024 06	2022 04	2021 06	2011 03	2011 03	1989 01
Start to Bottom (# months)					1	7	7	17	59	59	123
Bottom (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2024 12	2022 10	2022 10	2016 01	2016 01	1999 03
Bottom to End (# months)					4	3	29	29	118	118	76
End (yyyy mm)					2025 11	2025 03	2025 03	2025 03	2025 11	2025 11	2005 07
Longest negative period (# months)					4	16	42	58	221	223	242
Start (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2024 05	2021 07	2018 01	2006 08	2006 06	1988 12
End (yyyy mm)					2025 10	2025 08	2024 12	2022 10	2024 12	2024 12	2009 01
Annualized Return (%)					-1.04	-0.48	-1.18	-0.71	-0.13	-0.29	-0.09
Drawdowns / Negative periods marked with * are in progress
Adjusting for units held makes the drawdown reflect real performance, just like in the no-cash-flow case.
Deepest Drawdown Depth (%)				-21.61	-13.41	-13.81	-32.13	-36.83	-64.11	-64.26	-72.82
Start to Recovery (# months)				184*	5	8	53	38	32	55	208
Start (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2025 04	2021 08	2018 01	2008 05	2006 06	1989 01
Start to Bottom (# months)					1	4	15	27	8	31	154
Bottom (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2025 07	2022 10	2020 03	2008 12	2008 12	2001 10
Bottom to End (# months)					4	4	38	11	24	24	54
End (yyyy mm)					2025 11	2025 11	2025 12	2021 02	2010 12	2010 12	2006 04
Longest Drawdown Depth (%)					same	-12.71	same	-36.43	-62.74	-62.74	same
Start to Recovery (# months)					same	10	same	56	184*	184*	same
Start (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2024 06	2021 08	2021 06	2011 03	2011 03	1989 01
Start to Bottom (# months)					1	7	15	17	109	109	154
Bottom (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2024 12	2022 10	2022 10	2020 03	2020 03	2001 10
Bottom to End (# months)					4	3	38	39	75	75	54
End (yyyy mm)					2025 11	2025 03	2025 12	2026 01	-	-	2006 04
Longest negative period (# months)					4	17	52	88	240*	242*	441
Start (yyyy mm)					2025 07	2023 08	2021 08	2017 09	2006 07	2006 05	1988 12
End (yyyy mm)					2025 10	2024 12	2025 11	2024 12	2026 06	2026 06	2025 08
Annualized Return (%)					-3.64	-1.98	-0.32	-0.27	-0.41	-0.24	-0.02
Drawdowns / Negative periods marked with * are in progress
Adjusting for units held makes the drawdown reflect real performance, just like in the no-cash-flow case.
RISK INDICATORS					1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX
Standard Deviation (%)					21.04	20.00	20.26	20.47	24.50	24.71	24.80
Sharpe Ratio					0.73	0.65	0.20	0.38	0.02	0.15	0.08
Sortino Ratio					0.87	0.88	0.28	0.55	0.03	0.22	0.11
Ulcer Index					5.40	5.49	12.62	13.63	32.46	31.30	34.88
Ratio: Return / Standard Deviation					0.91	0.88	0.37	0.49	0.09	0.24	0.19
Ratio: Return / Deepest Drawdown					1.45	1.33	0.26	0.29	0.03	0.09	0.07
Positive Months (%)					75.00	63.88	55.00	55.00	53.33	54.16	53.18
Positive Months					9	23	33	66	128	195	242
Negative Months					3	13	27	54	112	165	213
LONG TERM RETURNS Inflation Adjusted: Inflation Adjusted:					1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX
Best 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized								10.04	10.81	20.77	20.77
Worst 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized								10.04	-5.85	-6.25	-8.16
Best 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized								6.47	7.19	17.91	17.91
Worst 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized								6.47	-7.45	-7.86	-10.96
TIMEFRAMES Inflation Adjusted: Inflation Adjusted:		1M	3M	6M	1Y	3Y	5Y	10Y	20Y	30Y	MAX
··· As of Jun 2026 - Over the previous 30Y
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					146.94	68.27	40.63	20.77	9.41	6.01
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					-60.38	-19.55	-15.26	-6.25	1.93	6.01
Positive Periods (%)					56.1	60.0	65.4	70.1	100.0	100.0
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					137.50	62.98	36.67	17.91	7.02	3.36
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					-60.39	-20.23	-16.47	-7.86	-0.62	3.36
Positive Periods (%)					53.0	51.0	58.8	58.9	97.5	100.0
95% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative		10.99	18.09	24.28	29.10	35.14	37.31	32.54	0.00
95% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%)		13.95	23.22	31.53	41.92	39.93	50.09	40.41	0.00
99% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative		15.85	26.51	36.18	53.97	43.25	54.98	45.26	0.00
99% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%)		18.94	31.87	43.76	58.15	46.87	56.12	47.54	0.00
Short term VaRs: analytical \| 1+ year VaRs: historical data
Safe Withdrawal Rate (%)					53.76	21.38	12.24	5.49	3.22	4.72
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%)					---	---	---	---	---	2.97
% based on initial capital, inflation-adj. monthly withdrawals afterwards \| Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com
··· All available data (Aug 1988 - Jun 2026)
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					146.94	68.27	40.63	20.77	9.41	6.01
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					-60.38	-19.55	-15.26	-8.16	-0.54	1.32
Positive Periods (%)					52.0	56.1	56.8	60.1	99.0	100.0
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					137.50	62.98	36.67	17.91	7.02	3.36
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized					-60.39	-21.03	-16.47	-10.96	-3.29	-1.15
Positive Periods (%)					48.6	47.1	46.7	46.7	94.9	83.3
95% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative		11.13	18.46	24.97	29.10	41.35	40.07	39.91	0.00
95% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%)		14.10	23.60	32.25	39.53	44.99	49.11	48.13	0.00
99% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative		16.01	26.91	36.92	52.40	47.15	54.26	55.11	1.29
99% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%)		19.11	32.28	44.52	56.76	47.54	55.74	56.83	10.29
Short term VaRs: analytical \| 1+ year VaRs: historical data
Safe Withdrawal Rate (%)					53.76	21.38	12.01	5.48	2.54	1.99
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%)					---	---	---	---	---	---
% based on initial capital, inflation-adj. monthly withdrawals afterwards \| Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com

Terms and Definitions

Annualized Portfolio Return: the annualized geometric mean return of the portfolio. When cashflows are involved, it is calculated using the Money-Weighted Rate of Return (MWRR), based on the Modified Dietz formula.
Deepest/Longest Drawdown: a drawdown refers to the decline in value from a relative peak value to a relative trough. The deepest (or maximum) drawdown is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained. The longest drawdown is the period observed from a peak to the subsequent peak with the greatest duration. When cashflows are involved, portfolio values are normalized by the invested capital (i.e. owned quotes) at each time step: this isolates the effect of market performance from capital contributions, avoiding misleading drawdowns caused by large inflows that artificially lift portfolio value and, as a result, the drawdowns match the ones without cash flows.
Longest negative period: it's the maximum period for which an overall negative return has been observed.
Standard Deviation: it's a measure of the dispersion of returns around the mean.
Sharpe Ratio: it's a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It's calculated by dividing the excess return of the portfolio over the risk-free rate by the portfolio standard deviation. The risk-free rate here considered is the 1-3 Mth T-Bill return.
Sortino Ratio: another measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It's a modification of the Sharpe Ratio (same formula but the denominator is the portfolio downside standard deviation).
Ulcer Index: it's a measure of downside risk that quantifies the depth and duration of drawdowns in an investment portfolio.
Best/Worst 10Y returns: the best and the worst 10-year return over a time frame.
Rolling Returns: N-year returns over a time frame, calculated over all the available data source (best, worst, % of positive returns). Each rolling period, longer than the longest negative period, yielded a non-negative minimum return.
Value at Risk (VaR): it's an evaluation of a cumulative worst-case loss (in absolute value), associated with a probability (95%-99%) and a time horizon. For short term, it's calculated based on the expected return and standard deviation, assuming a normal distribution of monthly returns. For long term is retrieved by the historical rolling return data.
Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR): it represents the average expected loss if that worst-case threshold (95%-99%) is ever crossed.
Safe Withdrawal Rate (SWR): it's the percentage of the initial portfolio balance that can be withdrawn at the beginning of each month with inflation adjustment, without the portfolio running out of money in any case (money amount withdrawal).
For instance: Your initial invested capital is 100.000$; withdrawal rate (annualized) is 4%. This means that, in the first month, you will withdraw 100.000 * 4% * 1/12 = 333.33$. The second month, you’ll withdraw 333.33$ plus the inflation monthly rate. You’ll continue adjusting your withdraw monthly for inflation.
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (PWR): it's the percentage of the initial portfolio balance that can be withdrawn at the beginning of each month with inflation adjustment, preserving the original invested capital, adjusted for inflation too.

Correlations as of Jun 30, 2026

Correlation measures to what degree the returns of two assets move in relation to each other. It is a statistical measure that describes the extent to which the returns of one asset are related to the returns of another asset.

The following table shows the monthly correlations of United States Copper Index Fund (CPER) ETF vs the main Asset Classes, over different timeframes. Columns are sortable (click on table header to sort).

UNITED STATES COPPER INDEX FUND (CPER) ETF

Monthly correlations as of 30 June 2026

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		Correlation vs CPER
	Asset Class	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years	30 Years
VTI	US Total Stock Market	0.43	0.37	0.46	0.42
SPY	US Large Cap Blend	0.44	0.38	0.45	0.42
IJH	US Mid Cap Blend	0.28	0.35	0.48	0.42
IJR	US Small Cap Blend	0.21	0.28	0.43	0.36
VNQ	US REITs	0.24	0.38	0.38	0.30
QQQ	US Technology	0.41	0.33	0.36	0.30
PFF	US Preferred Stocks	0.28	0.42	0.34	0.23
EFA	EAFE Stocks	0.68	0.57	0.56	0.49
VT	World All Countries	0.56	0.48	0.53	0.47
EEM	Emerging Markets	0.60	0.59	0.57	0.51
BND	US Total Bond Market	0.43	0.36	0.18	0.00
TLT	US Long Term Treasuries	0.29	0.34	0.00	-0.22
BIL	US Cash	0.01	0.13	-0.05	0.00
TIP	US TIPS	0.35	0.39	0.25	0.13
LQD	US Invest. Grade Bonds	0.42	0.41	0.28	0.09
HYG	US High Yield Bonds	0.56	0.40	0.40	0.32
CWB	US Convertible Bonds	0.36	0.37	0.45	0.43
BNDX	International Bonds	0.40	0.23	0.08	0.07
EMB	Emerg. Market Bonds	0.48	0.50	0.41	0.29
GLD	Gold	0.48	0.50	0.29	0.30
DBC	Commodities	-0.18	0.28	0.44	0.49

Learn about historical correlations here: see how the main asset classes relate to each other.

Drawdowns

A drawdown refers to the decline in value from a relative peak value to a relative trough. A maximum drawdown is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained.

UNITED STATES COPPER INDEX FUND (CPER) ETF

Drawdown periods

Inflation Adj:

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Rolling Return Analysis

A rolling return is a measure of investment performance that calculates the return of an investment over a set period of time, with the starting date rolling forward. This approach can provide a more accurate representation of the investment's historical performance and helps investors to evaluate the investment's consistency over time.

UNITED STATES COPPER INDEX FUND (CPER) ETF

Annualized Rolling Returns — Over Time & Distribution

The values shown for the rolling periods represent key statistical points: the minimum, maximum, median, and two user-defined percentiles. The lower and upper percentiles (default: 15th and 85th) can be adjusted using the inputs above. They give insight into the distribution of the data, while the median represents the middle value.

Holding Periods and Returns

Holding periods are based on rolling periods: each rolling window represents the return an investor would have achieved by holding the investment for a fixed period (e.g., 10, 20, or 30 years) starting from different dates.

UNITED STATES COPPER INDEX FUND (CPER) ETF

Annualized Rolling Returns

Inflation Adj:

Percentiles: – Changes pending. Click 'Update' to refresh

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Time to Target

What it shows: Months to reach your target capital from each historical entry point, accounting for your initial investment and periodic contributions.

UNITED STATES COPPER INDEX FUND (CPER) ETF

Time to reach your Target Capital

Monthly Returns and Seasonality

This section provides a visual/tabular representation of the performance variability in the United States Copper Index Fund (CPER) ETF over time. It illustrates the distribution of monthly returns, showcasing the range and frequency of positive and negative returns.

UNITED STATES COPPER INDEX FUND (CPER) ETF

Monthly Returns Distribution

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Monthly Seasonality Analysis

37 full years are available for analysis


Avg Return (%)
Win Count
Loss Count
Win %
Worst Return (%)
Best Return (%)

For further information about the seasonality, check the Asset Class Seasonality page.

Methodology

Returns, up to December 2011, have been derived using the historical series of equivalent ETFs / Assets.

You can find additional information on extended Data Sources here.

Drawdown Analysis			Occurrencies (End of Month)			Cumulative
Phase	Frequency	Range	#Num	Every (Avg)	Frequency	Range	Frequency

Drawdown Analysis			Occurrencies (End of Month)			Cumulative
Phase	Frequency	Range	#Num	Every (Avg)	Frequency	Range	Frequency

Drawdown Analysis			Occurrencies (End of Month)			Cumulative
Phase	Frequency	Range	#Num	Every (Avg)	Frequency	Range	Frequency

Drawdown Analysis			Occurrencies (End of Month)			Cumulative
Phase	Frequency	Range	#Num	Every (Avg)	Frequency	Range	Frequency

Rolling Period	Worst Period			Latest	Negative Periods
Rolling Period	Ann. Return	From To	Ann. Return	Latest	Negative Periods	Ann. Return	Ann. Return	Ann. Return	From To

Annualized rolling and percentiles/median returns over full calendar month periods.

	Intra Year Stats		Monthly Return (%)
Year	Return	Drawdown	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec

Table of contents

Investment Returns as of Jun 30, 2026

Investment Metrics as of Jun 30, 2026

Correlations as of Jun 30, 2026

Drawdowns

Rolling Return Analysis

Holding Periods and Returns

Time to Target

Monthly Returns and Seasonality