European Stocks Portfolio: ETF allocation and returns

Data Source: from January 1970 to February 2024 (~54 years)
Consolidated Returns as of 29 February 2024
Live Update: Mar 28 2024, 10:00AM Eastern Time
PORTFOLIO • LIVE PERFORMANCE (USD currency)
0.06%
1 Day
Mar 28 2024, 10:00AM Eastern Time
3.95%
Current Month
March 2024

The European Stocks Portfolio is a Very High Risk portfolio and can be implemented with 1 ETF.

It's exposed for 100% on the Stock Market.

In the last 30 Years, the European Stocks Portfolio obtained a 6.89% compound annual return, with a 17.88% standard deviation.

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Asset Allocation and ETFs

The European Stocks Portfolio has the following asset allocation:

100% Stocks
0% Fixed Income
0% Commodities

The European Stocks Portfolio can be implemented with the following ETFs:

Weight (%) Ticker Currency ETF Name Investment Themes
100.00
VGK
USD Vanguard FTSE Europe Equity, Developed Europe, Large Cap

Most of Lazy Portfolios are made of common components (asset classes), very simple and well defined. For a more complete view, find out the most common ETFs you can use to build your portfolio.

Portfolio and ETF Returns as of Feb 29, 2024

The European Stocks Portfolio guaranteed the following returns.

Returns are calculated in USD, assuming:
  • no fees or capital gain taxes.
  • the reinvestment of dividends.
  • the actual US Inflation rates.
EUROPEAN STOCKS PORTFOLIO
Consolidated returns as of 29 February 2024
Live Update: Mar 28 2024, 10:00AM Eastern Time
Swipe left to see all data
  Chg (%) Return (%) Return (%) as of Feb 29, 2024
  1 Day Time ET(*) Mar 2024 1M 6M 1Y 5Y 10Y 30Y MAX
(~54Y)
European Stocks Portfolio -0.06 3.95 2.40 8.31 12.91 7.52 4.24 6.89 8.75
US Inflation Adjusted return 1.95 6.61 9.45 3.19 1.38 4.25 4.59
Returns over 1 year are annualized | Available data source: since Jan 1970
(*) Eastern Time (ET - America/New York)
US Inflation is updated to Feb 2024. Current inflation (annualized) is 1Y: 3.17% , 5Y: 4.19% , 10Y: 2.82% , 30Y: 2.54%

In 2023, the European Stocks Portfolio granted a 3.70% dividend yield. If you are interested in getting periodic income, please refer to the European Stocks Portfolio: Dividend Yield page.

Capital Growth as of Feb 29, 2024

An investment of 1$, since March 1994, now would be worth 7.39$, with a total return of 638.80% (6.89% annualized).

The Inflation Adjusted Capital now would be 3.48$, with a net total return of 248.43% (4.25% annualized).
An investment of 1$, since January 1970, now would be worth 93.95$, with a total return of 9294.61% (8.75% annualized).

The Inflation Adjusted Capital now would be 11.39$, with a net total return of 1038.63% (4.59% annualized).

Portfolio Metrics as of Feb 29, 2024

Metrics of European Stocks Portfolio, updated as of 29 February 2024.

Metrics are calculated based on monthly returns, assuming:
  • no fees or capital gain taxes.
  • the reinvestment of dividends.
  • the actual US Inflation rates.
EUROPEAN STOCKS PORTFOLIO
Advanced Metrics
Data Source: 1 January 1970 - 29 February 2024 (~54 years)
Swipe left to see all data
Metrics as of Feb 29, 2024
1M 3M 6M 1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
(~54Y)
Investment Return (%) 2.40 6.61 8.31 12.91 5.50 7.52 4.24 5.73 6.89 8.75
Infl. Adjusted Return (%) details 1.95 5.57 6.61 9.45 -0.17 3.19 1.38 3.07 4.25 4.59
US Inflation (%) 0.44 0.98 1.59 3.17 5.68 4.19 2.82 2.59 2.54 3.97
Returns / Inflation rates over 1 year are annualized.
DRAWDOWN
Inflation Adjusted:
Inflation Adjusted:
1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
Deepest Drawdown Depth (%) -11.19 -30.98 -30.98 -30.98 -59.77 -59.77 -59.77
Start to Recovery (# months) details 5 28 28 28 78 78 78
Start (yyyy mm) 2023 08 2021 09 2021 09 2021 09 2007 11 2007 11 2007 11
Start to Bottom (# months) 3 13 13 13 16 16 16
Bottom (yyyy mm) 2023 10 2022 09 2022 09 2022 09 2009 02 2009 02 2009 02
Bottom to End (# months) 2 15 15 15 62 62 62
End (yyyy mm) 2023 12 2023 12 2023 12 2023 12 2014 04 2014 04 2014 04
Longest Drawdown Depth (%)
same as
deepest

same as
deepest

same as
deepest
-20.91
same as
deepest

same as
deepest

same as
deepest
Start to Recovery (# months) details 36
Start (yyyy mm) 2023 08 2021 09 2021 09 2014 06 2007 11 2007 11 2007 11
Start to Bottom (# months) 3 13 13 21 16 16 16
Bottom (yyyy mm) 2023 10 2022 09 2022 09 2016 02 2009 02 2009 02 2009 02
Bottom to End (# months) 2 15 15 15 62 62 62
End (yyyy mm) 2023 12 2023 12 2023 12 2017 05 2014 04 2014 04 2014 04
Longest negative period (# months) details 8 31 43 74 155 155 155
Period Start (yyyy mm) 2023 03 2021 04 2019 03 2014 03 2007 05 2007 05 2007 05
Period End (yyyy mm) 2023 10 2023 10 2022 09 2020 04 2020 03 2020 03 2020 03
Annualized Return (%) -5.21 -1.12 -0.65 -0.90 -0.29 -0.29 -0.29
Deepest Drawdown Depth (%) -12.03 -36.46 -36.46 -36.46 -60.44 -60.44 -60.44
Start to Recovery (# months) details 5 30* 30* 30* 158 158 158
Start (yyyy mm) 2023 08 2021 09 2021 09 2021 09 2007 11 2007 11 2007 11
Start to Bottom (# months) 3 13 13 13 16 16 16
Bottom (yyyy mm) 2023 10 2022 09 2022 09 2022 09 2009 02 2009 02 2009 02
Bottom to End (# months) 2 17 17 17 142 142 142
End (yyyy mm) 2023 12 - - - 2020 12 2020 12 2020 12
Longest Drawdown Depth (%)
same as
deepest

same as
deepest

same as
deepest
-21.05
same as
deepest

same as
deepest

same as
deepest
Start to Recovery (# months) details 38
Start (yyyy mm) 2023 08 2021 09 2021 09 2014 06 2007 11 2007 11 2007 11
Start to Bottom (# months) 3 13 13 21 16 16 16
Bottom (yyyy mm) 2023 10 2022 09 2022 09 2016 02 2009 02 2009 02 2009 02
Bottom to End (# months) 2 17 17 17 142 142 142
End (yyyy mm) 2023 12 - - 2017 07 2020 12 2020 12 2020 12
Longest negative period (# months) details 8 36* 54 116 199 199 199
Period Start (yyyy mm) 2023 03 2021 03 2019 05 2014 03 2007 04 2007 04 2007 04
Period End (yyyy mm) 2023 10 2024 02 2023 10 2023 10 2023 10 2023 10 2023 10
Annualized Return (%) -7.98 -0.17 -0.60 -0.09 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06
Drawdowns / Negative periods marked with * are in progress
RISK INDICATORS
1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
Standard Deviation (%) 15.46 19.30 20.28 16.82 18.78 17.88 17.39
Sharpe Ratio 0.50 0.16 0.28 0.18 0.23 0.26 0.27
Sortino Ratio 0.70 0.23 0.38 0.25 0.32 0.35 0.37
Ulcer Index 4.36 11.31 10.59 10.63 18.88 18.64 15.59
Ratio: Return / Standard Deviation 0.84 0.28 0.37 0.25 0.31 0.39 0.50
Ratio: Return / Deepest Drawdown 1.15 0.18 0.24 0.14 0.10 0.12 0.15
% Positive Months details 58% 55% 58% 55% 57% 59% 60%
Positive Months 7 20 35 67 138 215 390
Negative Months 5 16 25 53 102 145 260
LONG TERM RETURNS
Inflation Adjusted:
Inflation Adjusted:
1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
Best 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized 4.24 10.03 11.15 21.29
Worst 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized 0.38 -1.57 -1.57
Best 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized 1.38 8.12 8.38 16.94
Worst 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized -1.42 -4.05 -5.74
ROLLING PERIODS
Inflation Adjusted:
Inflation Adjusted:
1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
Over the latest 30Y
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized 58.54 30.55 25.37 11.15 8.59 6.89
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized -52.96 -18.37 -8.13 -1.57 2.21
% Positive Periods 66% 73% 82% 98% 100% 100%
SWR - Safe Withdrawal Rate (%) - 100% Success - Annualized 63.06 21.00 12.80 7.12 4.67 6.97
PWR - Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%) - 100% Success - Annualized - - - - 0.12 4.97
WR calculated based on initial capital | Monthly withdrawals adjusted for inflation | Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized 55.20 27.01 21.84 8.38 6.05 4.25
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized -52.96 -20.32 -9.96 -4.05 0.13
% Positive Periods 62% 68% 67% 85% 100% 100%
SWR - Safe Withdrawal Rate (%) - 100% Success - Annualized 63.06 21.00 12.80 7.12 4.67 6.97
PWR - Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%) - 100% Success - Annualized - - - - 0.12 4.97
WR calculated based on initial capital | Monthly withdrawals adjusted for inflation | Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com
Over all the available data source (Jan 1970 - Feb 2024)
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized 92.07 53.23 38.41 21.29 16.28 13.84
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized -52.96 -18.37 -8.13 -1.57 2.21 6.13
% Positive Periods 69% 81% 90% 99% 100% 100%
SWR - Safe Withdrawal Rate (%) - 100% Success - Annualized 63.06 21.00 12.80 7.12 4.67 4.28
PWR - Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%) - 100% Success - Annualized - - - - 0.12 3.18
WR calculated based on initial capital | Monthly withdrawals adjusted for inflation | Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized 89.07 48.74 34.20 16.94 11.93 9.25
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized -52.96 -20.32 -9.96 -5.74 0.13 3.68
% Positive Periods 61% 69% 69% 85% 100% 100%
SWR - Safe Withdrawal Rate (%) - 100% Success - Annualized 63.06 21.00 12.80 7.12 4.67 4.28
PWR - Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%) - 100% Success - Annualized - - - - 0.12 3.18
WR calculated based on initial capital | Monthly withdrawals adjusted for inflation | Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com
Terms and Definitions
  • Annualized Portfolio Return: it's the annualized geometric mean return of the portfolio.
  • Deepest/Longest Drawdown: a drawdown refers to the decline in value from a relative peak value to a relative trough. The deepest (or maximum) drawdown is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained. The longest drawdown is the period observed from a peak to the subsequent peak with the greatest duration.
  • Longest negative period: it's the maximum period for which an overall negative return has been observed.
  • Standard Deviation: it's a measure of the dispersion of returns around the mean.
  • Sharpe Ratio: it's a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It's calculated by dividing the excess return of the portfolio over the risk-free rate by the portfolio standard deviation. The risk-free rate here considered is the 1-3 Mth T-Bill return.
  • Sortino Ratio: another measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It's a modification of the Sharpe Ratio (same formula but the denominator is the portfolio downside standard deviation).
  • Ulcer Index: it's a measure of downside risk that quantifies the depth and duration of drawdowns in an investment portfolio.
  • Best/Worst 10Y returns: the best and the worst 10-year return over a time frame.
  • Rolling Returns: N-year returns over a time frame, calculated over all the available data source (best, worst, % of positive returns). Each rolling period, longer than the longest negative period, yielded a non-negative minimum return.
  • Safe Withdrawal Rate (SWR): it's the percentage of the initial portfolio balance that can be withdrawn at the beginning of each month with inflation adjustment, without the portfolio running out of money in any case (money amount withdrawal).
    For instance: Your initial invested capital is 100.000$; withdrawal rate (annualized) is 4%. This means that, in the first month, you will withdraw 100.000 * 4% * 1/12 = 333.33$. The second month, you’ll withdraw 333.33$ plus the inflation monthly rate. You’ll continue adjusting your withdraw monthly for inflation.
  • Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (PWR): it's the percentage of the initial portfolio balance that can be withdrawn at the beginning of each month with inflation adjustment, preserving the original invested capital, adjusted for inflation too.

Drawdowns

A drawdown refers to the decline in value from a relative peak value to a relative trough. A maximum drawdown is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained.

EUROPEAN STOCKS PORTFOLIO
Drawdown periods
Drawdown periods - Inflation Adjusted
Data Source: 1 March 1994 - 29 February 2024 (30 Years)
Data Source: 1 January 1970 - 29 February 2024 (~54 years)
Inflation Adjusted:
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Rolling Returns

( more details)

A rolling return is a measure of investment performance that calculates the return of an investment over a set period of time, with the starting date rolling forward. This approach can provide a more accurate representation of the investment's historical performance and helps investors to evaluate the investment's consistency over time.

EUROPEAN STOCKS PORTFOLIO
Annualized Rolling Returns
Annualized Rolling Returns - Inflation Adjusted
Data Source: 1 March 1994 - 29 February 2024 (30 Years)
Data Source: 1 January 1970 - 29 February 2024 (~54 years)
Inflation Adjusted:
Swipe left to see all data
Rolling
Period
Worst Period
15th Percentile
50th Percentile
85th Percentile
Best Period
Latest Negative
Periods
Ann.
Return
From
To
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
From
To
Growth
of 1$
1Y -52.96 03/2008
02/2009
0.47$ -12.44 0.87$ 11.37 1.11$ 27.24 1.27$ 58.54 03/2009
02/2010
1.58$ 12.91 33.81%
2Y -30.58 03/2007
02/2009
0.48$ -6.55 0.87$ 8.23 1.17$ 22.61 1.50$ 38.87 03/2009
02/2011
1.92$ 5.75 28.19%
3Y -18.37 04/2000
03/2003
0.54$ -4.27 0.87$ 7.16 1.23$ 20.84 1.76$ 30.55 04/2003
03/2006
2.22$ 5.50 26.15%
5Y -8.13 06/2007
05/2012
0.65$ -0.63 0.96$ 4.95 1.27$ 15.56 2.06$ 25.37 10/2002
09/2007
3.09$ 7.52 17.28%
7Y -1.10 11/2007
10/2014
0.92$ 2.45 1.18$ 5.64 1.46$ 8.72 1.79$ 12.92 03/1994
02/2001
2.34$ 7.42 1.44%
10Y -1.57 03/1999
02/2009
0.85$ 1.94 1.21$ 5.66 1.73$ 9.54 2.48$ 11.15 05/1997
04/2007
2.87$ 4.24 1.66%
15Y 0.46 10/2007
09/2022
1.07$ 3.58 1.69$ 4.93 2.05$ 7.46 2.94$ 9.19 03/2009
02/2024
3.73$ 9.19 0.00%
20Y 2.21 04/2000
03/2020
1.54$ 4.04 2.20$ 5.86 3.12$ 7.39 4.16$ 8.59 07/1994
06/2014
5.19$ 5.73 0.00%
30Y 6.89 03/1994
02/2024
7.38$ 6.89 7.38$ 6.89 7.38$ 6.89 7.38$ 6.89 03/1994
02/2024
7.38$ 6.89 0.00%
Annualized rolling and percentiles/median returns over full calendar month periods
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Rolling
Period
Worst Period
15th Percentile
50th Percentile
85th Percentile
Best Period
Latest Negative
Periods
Ann.
Return
From
To
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
From
To
Growth
of 1$
1Y -52.96 03/2008
02/2009
0.47$ -15.50 0.84$ 8.65 1.08$ 24.34 1.24$ 55.20 03/2009
02/2010
1.55$ 9.45 37.82%
2Y -31.98 03/2007
02/2009
0.46$ -9.23 0.82$ 5.98 1.12$ 19.22 1.42$ 35.97 03/2009
02/2011
1.84$ 1.14 37.39%
3Y -20.32 04/2000
03/2003
0.50$ -6.65 0.81$ 4.61 1.14$ 17.92 1.63$ 27.01 04/2003
03/2006
2.04$ -0.17 31.38%
5Y -9.96 06/2007
05/2012
0.59$ -2.89 0.86$ 2.48 1.13$ 12.08 1.76$ 21.84 10/2002
09/2007
2.68$ 3.19 32.89%
7Y -2.87 11/2007
10/2014
0.81$ 0.12 1.00$ 3.19 1.24$ 6.09 1.51$ 10.02 03/1994
02/2001
1.95$ 3.75 12.27%
10Y -4.05 03/1999
02/2009
0.66$ 0.08 1.00$ 3.41 1.39$ 6.82 1.93$ 8.38 05/1997
04/2007
2.23$ 1.38 14.11%
15Y -1.87 10/2007
09/2022
0.75$ 1.32 1.21$ 2.72 1.49$ 5.01 2.08$ 6.74 02/2003
01/2018
2.66$ 6.46 4.97%
20Y 0.13 04/2000
03/2020
1.02$ 1.83 1.43$ 3.52 1.99$ 4.85 2.57$ 6.05 07/1994
06/2014
3.23$ 3.07 0.00%
30Y 4.25 03/1994
02/2024
3.48$ 4.25 3.48$ 4.25 3.48$ 4.25 3.48$ 4.25 03/1994
02/2024
3.48$ 4.25 0.00%
Annualized rolling and percentiles/median returns over full calendar month periods
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Rolling
Period
Worst Period
15th Percentile
50th Percentile
85th Percentile
Best Period
Latest Negative
Periods
Ann.
Return
From
To
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
From
To
Growth
of 1$
1Y -52.96 03/2008
02/2009
0.47$ -9.11 0.90$ 12.15 1.12$ 29.13 1.29$ 92.07 05/1985
04/1986
1.92$ 12.91 30.36%
2Y -30.58 03/2007
02/2009
0.48$ -3.20 0.93$ 10.15 1.21$ 22.46 1.49$ 58.72 01/1985
12/1986
2.51$ 5.75 21.69%
3Y -18.37 04/2000
03/2003
0.54$ -1.60 0.95$ 9.18 1.30$ 20.89 1.76$ 53.23 08/1984
07/1987
3.59$ 5.50 18.70%
5Y -8.13 06/2007
05/2012
0.65$ 1.34 1.06$ 8.37 1.49$ 18.83 2.36$ 38.41 08/1982
07/1987
5.07$ 7.52 9.81%
7Y -1.10 11/2007
10/2014
0.92$ 3.70 1.28$ 7.71 1.68$ 17.11 3.02$ 28.01 08/1982
07/1989
5.63$ 7.42 0.71%
10Y -1.57 03/1999
02/2009
0.85$ 4.18 1.50$ 9.22 2.41$ 16.22 4.49$ 21.29 08/1982
07/1992
6.88$ 4.24 0.75%
15Y 0.46 10/2007
09/2022
1.07$ 4.61 1.96$ 9.85 4.09$ 15.01 8.14$ 19.85 08/1982
07/1997
15.11$ 9.19 0.00%
20Y 2.21 04/2000
03/2020
1.54$ 5.89 3.13$ 11.11 8.22$ 14.28 14.42$ 16.28 04/1978
03/1998
20.43$ 5.73 0.00%
30Y 6.13 04/1990
03/2020
5.95$ 7.40 8.51$ 10.68 20.97$ 12.52 34.39$ 13.84 06/1977
05/2007
48.78$ 6.89 0.00%
Annualized rolling and percentiles/median returns over full calendar month periods
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Rolling
Period
Worst Period
15th Percentile
50th Percentile
85th Percentile
Best Period
Latest Negative
Periods
Ann.
Return
From
To
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
Growth
of 1$
Ann.
Return
From
To
Growth
of 1$
1Y -52.96 03/2008
02/2009
0.47$ -14.27 0.85$ 7.24 1.07$ 24.52 1.24$ 89.07 05/1985
04/1986
1.89$ 9.45 38.97%
2Y -31.98 03/2007
02/2009
0.46$ -7.77 0.85$ 5.70 1.11$ 18.42 1.40$ 54.88 01/1985
12/1986
2.39$ 1.14 34.61%
3Y -20.32 04/2000
03/2003
0.50$ -6.60 0.81$ 4.84 1.15$ 17.91 1.63$ 48.74 08/1984
07/1987
3.29$ -0.17 30.57%
5Y -9.96 06/2007
05/2012
0.59$ -2.63 0.87$ 3.92 1.21$ 15.62 2.06$ 34.20 08/1982
07/1987
4.35$ 3.19 30.80%
7Y -5.48 07/1975
06/1982
0.67$ -0.14 0.99$ 3.94 1.31$ 13.01 2.35$ 23.62 08/1982
07/1989
4.41$ 3.75 16.23%
10Y -5.74 08/1972
07/1982
0.55$ 0.04 1.00$ 5.80 1.75$ 11.33 2.92$ 16.94 08/1982
07/1992
4.78$ 1.38 14.69%
15Y -1.87 10/2007
09/2022
0.75$ 2.29 1.40$ 5.75 2.31$ 9.85 4.09$ 16.07 01/1985
12/1999
9.34$ 6.46 2.12%
20Y 0.13 04/2000
03/2020
1.02$ 3.52 1.99$ 5.71 3.03$ 10.11 6.86$ 11.93 04/1980
03/2000
9.52$ 3.07 0.00%
30Y 3.68 10/1992
09/2022
2.95$ 4.73 3.99$ 6.55 6.71$ 8.19 10.60$ 9.25 06/1977
05/2007
14.20$ 4.25 0.00%
Annualized rolling and percentiles/median returns over full calendar month periods

If you need a deeper detail about rolling returns, please refer to the European Stocks Portfolio: Rolling Returns page.

Seasonality

In which months is it better to invest in European Stocks Portfolio?

Both the Average Return and the Gain Frequency (Win %) are useful to get an idea of what happened in the past.
For further information about the seasonality, check the Asset Class Seasonality page.
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Monthly Returns

This section provides a visual/tabular representation of the performance variability in the European Stocks Portfolio over time. It illustrates the distribution of monthly returns, showcasing the range and frequency of positive and negative returns.

EUROPEAN STOCKS PORTFOLIO
Monthly Returns Distribution
Data Source: 1 March 1994 - 29 February 2024 (30 Years)
Data Source: 1 January 1970 - 29 February 2024 (~54 years)
215 Positive Months (60%) - 145 Negative Months (40%)
390 Positive Months (60%) - 260 Negative Months (40%)
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Investment Returns, up to December 2005, have been derived using the historical series of equivalent ETFs / Assets, instead of the actual ETFs of the portfolio.
You can find additional information on extended Data Sources here.

In particular, the series derived from equivalent datasets are:
  • VGK - Vanguard FTSE Europe (VGK), up to December 2005

Portfolio efficiency

The following portfolios granted a higher return over 30 Years and a less severe drawdown at the same time.

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In the following table, you can compare the current portfolio with a list of famous portfolios. Metrics are calculated over the last 30 Years.

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